ABSTRACT
According to the WHO, this virus still exists in many parts of the globe in some form or the other. After the end of the Cold War in the early 90s, the global geopolitical and geo-economic divide, consequent to the ongoing Russo-Ukraine War, has never been so harshly polarised. [...]it is pertinent to note what President Xi had spoken recently in the National People's Congress stating that he will endeavour to "more quickly elevating the armed forces to world-class standards-and make it a great wall of steel." Importantly, for decades, India does carry some moral authority with itself with its foreign policy based on the Nehruvian concept of nonalignment now aptly called 'strategic autonomy' which has been long respected by the 'third world' now referred to as the 'global south'.
ABSTRACT
Future City organizations and teams have returned to normal activities this year after Covid;and have reorganized and conducted a very successful Future City 2023 Competition. On 19 February, regional Future City winners from 41 middle schools and after-school organizations (eg, scouts, 4H, boys/girls clubs) from nationwide and China participated in the Future City National Finals. The Special Awards judging was done in person in Washington DC. In its 31st year Future City has engaged middle school in STEM and diversity. This year's Future City theme was "Climate Change Challenge." Middle school students were asked to create cities of the future, first on a computer and then as large tabletop models. Working in teams with a teacher and volunteer engineer mentor, students create their cities using the SimCity 3000 TM video game donated to all participating schools by Electronic Arts, Inc., of Redwood City CA.
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The AIAA New England (NE) Section hosted its first in-person post-Covid event, "Night with Industry" in January in collaboration with the WPI and MIT Women of Aeronautics and Astronautics (WoAA), Graduate Women in Aerospace Engineering (GWAE), the AIAA student branch, and Women Leaders in Aerospace Programs (WeLEAP) chapter. This event brought together undergraduate and graduate students as well as industry professionals to aid students in building their professional knowledge related to fields, organizations, and roles. Students interacted with industry experts to build knowledge and community awareness about aerospace job roles to inform future decisions and practiced essential professional skills such as relationship building and communication.
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This paper considers the level of atmospheric air pollution of the 20 largest cities in Russia in 2019–2020. The data used for the study is initially collected by a TROPOMI instrument (on the Sentinel-5P satellite), including measurements of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and aerosol (aerosol index). The measurements were obtained using the cloud-based platform, Google Earth Engine, which presents L3 level data available for direct analysis. The Tropomi Air Quality Index (TAQI) integrates available TROPOMI measurements into a single indicator. The calculation results showed that most of the cities under consideration (15 out of 20) have a low or higher than usual level of pollution. Formaldehyde (35.7%) and nitrogen dioxide (26.4%) play the main role in the composition of pollution particles. A significant share is occupied by sulfur dioxide (16.4%). The contribution of carbon monoxide and aerosol averages 10.8 and 10.6%, respectively. Air pollution in cities is caused by both natural (wildfires, dust storms) and anthropogenic (seasonal migrations of the population, restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic) factors. Estimating atmospheric pollution levels in urban areas using an integral index based on remote data (such as TAQI) can be considered as a valuable information addition to existing ground-based measuring systems within the multisensory paradigm.
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Disease detection in plants is essential for food security and economic stability. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and artificial intelligence (AI) are valuable tools for it. The purpose of this review is to gather several methods used by our peers recently, hoping to provide some knowledge and assistance for researchers and farmers so that they can employ these technologies more advantageously. The studies reviewed in this paper focused on Scab detection in Rosaceae family fruits. Feature extraction, segmentation, and classification methods for processing the UAV-obtained images and detecting the diseases are discussed briefly. The advantages and limitations of diverse kinds of UAVs and imaging sensors are also explained. The widely applied methods for image analysis are machine learning (ML)-based models, and the extensively used UAV platforms are rotary-wing UAVs. Recent technologies that cope with challenges related to disease detection using UAV imagery are also detailed in this paper. Some challenging issues such as higher costs, limited batteries and flying time, huge and complex data, low resolution, and noisy images, etc., still require future consideration. The prime significance of this paper is to promote automation and user-friendly technologies in Scab detection.
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Reynolds discusses the rebound of aircraft operators and struggle with delays. After a 70% drop in aviation operations and a 90% reduction in passengers during the first half of 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic, passenger demand by mid-2022 was close to pre-pandemic levels. However, flight numbers were still down slightly due to airline flight crew and air traffic control staffing challenges, which led to large numbers of delays, cancellations and other disruptions worldwide. Nearly a quarter of all US flights were delayed by an average of an hour each during June-August. There was an increased focus on climate impacts of aviation throughout the year following the publication of the US Aviation Climate Action Plan in Nov 2021, which details the key role that aircraft operations enhancements will continue to play in reducing climate impacts.
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Puranik et al discuss air transportation which encounters inflationary headwinds on its recovery from pandemic. A strong and growing global air travel demand, supported by the lifting of air travel restrictions in most countries, fueled the global airline industry's continued recovery this year from the impacts of covid-19. In June, the International Air Transport Association projected a total of 3.8 billion passengers for the year--83% of pre-pandemic levels--and a record high air cargo volume of more than 68 million tons, resulting in a global airline industry loss of $9.7 billion this year down from $42.1 billion in 2021. Only the North America region was expected to achieve profitability, with an estimated $8.8 billion profit. In October, member states of the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted the goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, a target that IATA member airlines had committed to in Oct 2021.
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Systems engineering often contributes to a business' ability to operate effectively through a crisis. However, as the global economy continued to emerge from the Covid-19 pandemic, recurring systemic failures still ravaged the global supply chain. The supply chain's fragility lingered this year, and the aerospace industry's inability to receive parts when needed may extend beyond 2023. This weakness can be attributed to many issues, including a worker shortage and failure to account for a stressed global transportation system. Systems engineering can often mitigate the longterm effects of a major disruption. However, previous failures to fully model the global supply chain illustrates this problem's complexity. The pandemic demonstrated that the aerospace industry is not immune to global disruptions, even when those disruptions do not appear to involve these products. Aided by better systems modeling, market forces worked to correct failures amplified by the pandemic. Broad and strategic investments are needed to address the long-term workforce shortage.
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Miller discusses post-pandemic comeback and breakthroughs for electric flight. In May, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) released its Air Traffic by the Numbers with updated data for 2021. The covid-19 pandemic continued to suppress the general aviation community, but there were signs of improvement. In 2020, there were 204,100 active general aviation aircraft across the US. In 2021, active pilot certificates increased by 4.2% in 2021 to 720,603;drone pilot certificates increased by 23.4% to 254,587. There are 5,184 public-use airports and 14,539 private-use airports across the country. General aviation is the manufacturing and operation of aircraft that have been issued an airworthiness certificate by the FAA--other than aircraft used for scheduled commercial air service or operated by the military--and includes on-demand Federal Aviation Regulations Part 135 operations.
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Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the 2020 MetroAeroSpace 7th edition was not held in Pisa and there was an effort by the Organizing Committee to prepare a virtual conference. This year, the 9th edition moves back to Pisa in presence, and it was organized at “Centro Congressi Le Benedettine” with the patronage of the University of Pisa. Thus, Organizing Committee was really glad to welcome the attendees to the historic and beautiful Pisa. Due to still pandemic's influence, some presentations were held remotely. The Organizing Committee improved our LIVE online approach including new facilities in the framework called “WeConf,” the platform developed by Athena Srl, the Company managing the conference.
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In June 2021, the 'Ejército del Aire' (Spanish Air Force) agreed with the Spanish flag carrier Iberia to take over three Airbus A330-200 aircraft. "With the addition of A330 MRTT to its fleet, the Spanish Air Force acquires a key and proven new capability, that will enhance and support overseas operations, as well as medevac missions, on which the aircraft played a key role during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis worldwide", stated JeanBrice Dumont, Executive Vice President Military Aircraft at Airbus. The large 111 tonnes/245,000 lb basic fuel capacity of the successful A330-200 airliner, from which it is derived, enables the A330 MRTT to excel in Air-to-Air Refuelling missions without the need for additional fuel tanks.
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On June 4, the AIAA San Diego Section held its annual awards gala for the first time in two years since the start of Covid restrictions. This annual event serves to install the new section officers, present the Reuben H. Fleet scholarship winners, and recognize local section and aerospace community award winners. The event was held at the Allen Airways Museum at Gillespie Field Airport in El Cajon. Guests had the opportunity to view the entire museum collection, including the historic aircraft, aerospace artifacts, and art during the cocktail reception.
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BEL and AAI collaborate on Air Traffic Management Systems In a major boost to its own diversification drive into non-defence and the Government's 'Make in India' programme, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Airports Authority of India (AAI), under it's R&D initiative, at Wings India 2022, entered into an agreement for the joint, indigenous development of systems for air traffic management and surface movement of aircraft at airports in the country which were hitherto being imported. Under this Agreement, BEL and AAI will jointly develop Civil Air Traffic Management System (ATMS) with Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS), a complex ground surveillance system that manages air traffic at airports and in Indian Civil Airspace for safe operation of flights from take-off to landing. The aim of ATMS with ASMGCS is to provide the air traffic controller with the complete air traffic picture of the coverage area while interacting with Primary/ Secondary Radar, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), Multi-lateration System (MLATs), and navigational equipment such as GPS, Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Doppler Very High Frequency Omni Range (DVOR). Boeing: India to lead South Asia air traffic growth Boeing shared projections for South Asia's commercial aviation sector over the next 20 years, with the region leading the world in yearly passenger traffic growth.
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Some of the major orders executed during the year included Long Range Surface to Air Missile;Akash Weapon System;Fire Control System;Integrated Air Command & Control System;Advanced Composite Communication System;Integrated Electronic Warfare Suite and Coastal Surveillance System. Some of the new products/systems introduced during the year included Laser Fence System, IR Jammer for Active Tank Protection System, Gimbal for Tethered UAV, Drainage Intrusion Detection System, Solid State Power Controller Cards for Akash NG / QRSAM, S-Band 150W Power Amplifier, GNSS Receiver, Managed Ethernet Switch -12 Port, IP EPABX System, Navigation Complex System, C BAND GaN PA & C BAND GaAs MMICs and Oxygen Concentrator 5LPM & 10 LPM and Dialysis Machines. Signifi cant among these orders included avionics package for LCA, Advanced Electronic Warfare (EW) suite for fighter aircraft, Instrumented Electronic Warfare Range (IEWR), CDR TI cum Day Light Sights for T-90 Tanks, Electronic Voting Machine & VVPAT, RWR & MAWS for C-295 aircraft, Gun Electronic Upgrade, Electronic Warfare Systems for Ships, Weapon Locating Radar and Integrated Observation Equipment.
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Beyond these commercial successes, there was a host of ideas for supersonic and hypersonic propulsion, NASA’s hydrogen aircraft evaluation, variable cycle aircraft engines, turboramjets and other novel aircraft engine concepts. There are international efforts to continue to deliver affordable air travel, protecting the very widespread benefits of aviation, and bringing solutions that meet the very deep need to mitigate the aviation impact of climate change. Urgent and substantial technology investments are now needed in this moment of crisis (noting that the Greek work κριsις means judgement (and decision) to ensure the protection of the environment and continuing economic growth.
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The article focuses on the issue of selected aspects related to the planning, preparation and implementation processes of remote audits in aerospace organizations. It informs about the definition of remote audit and the main advantages and disadvantages of this type of audit. The author describes the criteria that should be assessed in terms of the decision-making process for conducting remote audits. Emphasis is placed on general criteria, criteria in the information and technology (ICT) area and risk-based criteria. At the same time, the author pays attention to aspects, factors and information that should be taken into account in the process of planning, preparation and performing of remote audits in aerospace organizations (which are generally applicable in these processes, and also in the use of remote audits in other sectors and organizations).
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The articles in this special section focus on current applications and innovations of artificial intelligence and machine learning in aerospace. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) play an increasingly important role in aerospace applications and serve various military, commercial aviation, and space exploration sectors to ensure safety, dependability, and customer loyalty. AI/ML contributes to provide various automated systems used in aviation, such as fuel efficiency, smart maintenance, smart air traffic management, pilot training, passenger identification, threat identification, remote sensing, and fully autonomous aerial vehicles among other systems. AI/ML is concerned with algorithms and techniques that allow systems to “learn” and “reason” based on algorithms and techniques employing computational and statistical methods. It can significantly enhance speed, efficiency, workload, and safety to enable the integrating of more complex technologies, such as autonomous visionbased navigation and data ecosystems. Recently advanced data analytics provided the aviation industry a way to respond to COVID and advise airlines on when to swap aircraft for bigger or smaller planes and how the global health restrictions may change flight schedules. While there are many other innovative use cases of AI/ML in aviation and aerospace, the overarching conclusion is that the implementation must be driven by safety.
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[...]all the participants had already arrived the week before. The second week had additional exercise air space available over the northern landscape of The Netherlands where other elements were added to the mission scenarios, like slow mover protection and attacking ground targets. For each mission a leader is appointed and while it is a rotative role, a reasonable number of experienced pilots can get the opportunity to fulfil this responsible task.
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AIAA has undergone numerous changes to manage through the global pandemic while continuing to provide forums for sharing scientific discoveries, engineering advances, and new technical capabilities, and never slowing down on celebrating our aerospace history and achievements. These activities have been successful in spite of ongoing COVID-related constraints on travel and physical gatherings. Throughout this incredibly challenging period, AIAA has maintained a high standard of service to the industry and our members by rapidly flexing and learning to work in new ways thanks to the leadership of Immediate Past President Basil Hassan and the creativity of the AIAA staff.